Table 3 Estimation result of PSM-DID analysis by segment level

Variable Income level Number of household members Elderly household City dweller
High Low High Low Yes No Yes No
Meat
SC_Receipt(β1) –0.114 (0.170) 0.013 (0.194) –0.188 (0.131) 0.010 (0.197) 0.038 (0.280) 0.012 (0.135) 0.038 (0.139) 0.120 (0.244)
Pendemic_Period(β2) –0.320** (0.151) –0.608*** (0.183) –0.116 (0.127) –0.656*** (0.154) –0.129 (0.262) –0.595*** (0.127) –0.440*** (0.128) –0.820*** (0.263)
SC_Receipt × Pendemic_Period(β3) 0.727*** (0.225) 0.873*** (0.261) 0.483*** (0.186) 1.042*** (0.246) 0.252 (0.372) 0.925*** (0.184) 0.799*** (0.187) 0.775** (0.364)
Vegetable
SC_Receipt(β1) –0.028 (0.118) 0.163* (0.098) 0.103 (0.079) 0.171* (0.103) –0.159 (0.120) 0.240*** (0.087) 0.249*** (0.082) –0.038 (0.117)
Pendemic_Period(β2) –0.150 (0.112) –0.317*** (0.122) –0.047 (0.098) –0.413*** (0.107) –0.103 (0.132) –0.432*** (0.098) –0.284*** (0.091) –0.689*** (0.193)
SC_Receipt × Pendemic_Period(β3) 0.396** (0.168) 0.375** (0.155) 0.233* (0.125) 0.484*** (0.149) 0.413** (0.181) 0.459*** (0.131) 0.297** (0.121) 0.914*** (0.228)
Clothing and outerwear
SC_Receipt(β1) –0.178 (0.204) 0.141 (0.269) 0.205 (0.196) 0.147 (0.247) –0.274 (0.415) 0.073 (0.168) –0.166 (0.171) 0.152 (0.353)
Pendemic_Period(β2) –1.619*** (0.232) –2.521*** (0.230) –1.904*** (0.260) –2.118*** (0.190) –2.628*** (0.342) –1.961*** (0.170) –1.937*** (0.172) –2.672*** (0.325)
SC_Receipt × Pendemic_Period(β3) 1.235*** (0.306) 1.679*** (0.349) 0.997*** (0.325) 1.344*** (0.313) 2.086*** (0.534) 1.143*** (0.240) 1.303*** (0.246) 2.067*** (0.482)
Home appliance
SC_Receipt(β1) 1.096*** (0.391) 0.307 (0.246) 0.705* (0.375) 0.364 (0.227) 0.119 (0.302) 0.819*** (0.238) 0.623*** (0.224) 0.291 (0.387)
Pendemic_Period(β2) –1.025*** (0.250) –0.900*** (0.154) –1.250*** (0.279) –0.833*** (0.146) –0.746*** (0.218) –0.965*** (0.152) –0.997*** (0.149) –0.583** (0.260)
SC_Receipt × Pendemic_Period(β3) 0.429 (0.448) 1.048*** (0.292) 0.893* (0.470) 0.894*** (0.267) 0.831** (0.383) 0.650** (0.283) 0.744*** (0.271) 0.963** (0.461)
Hobby items
SC_Receipt(β1) 2.432*** (0.284) 0.470*** (0.176) 2.727*** (0.288) 0.228 (0.160) –0.216 (0.151) 2.545*** (0.187) 2.035*** (0.177) 1.159*** (0.282)
Pendemic_Period(β2) –0.927*** (0.192) –0.480*** (0.116) –1.134*** (0.225) –0.459*** (0.105) –0.408*** (0.127) –0.792*** (0.121) –0.767*** (0.118) –0.516*** (0.168)
SC_Receipt × Pendemic_Period(β3) –1.002*** (0.340) –0.061 (0.208) –0.874** (0.364) 0.095 (0.187) 0.322* (0.192) –1.364*** (0.224) –0.978*** (0.213) –0.471 (0.332)
Cultural service
SC_Receipt(β1) –0.022 (0.086) 0.064 (0.091) 0.074 (0.071) 0.168** (0.078) 0.300** (0.126) 0.090 (0.057) 0.018 (0.063) 0.204* (0.108)
Pendemic_Period(β2) –0.415*** (0.074) –0.415*** (0.094) –0.426*** (0.086) –0.353*** (0.072) –0.292** (0.148) –0.379*** (0.058) –0.436*** (0.064) –0.080 (0.115)
SC_Receipt × Pendemic_Period(β3) 0.083 (0.113) 0.183 (0.130) 0.023 (0.111) –0.018 (0.103) –0.111 (0.187) –0.030 (0.079) 0.121 (0.088) –0.250 (0.155)
Meal
SC_Receipt(β1) –0.143*** (0.047) –0.062 (0.124) –0.142*** (0.047) 0.023 (0.113) 0.074 (0.220) –0.222*** (0.054) –0.203*** (0.064) 0.158 (0.149)
Pendemic_Period(β2) –0.045 (0.037) –0.519*** (0.122) –0.021 (0.040) –0.395*** (0.087) –1.000*** (0.250) –0.100** (0.039) –0.195*** (0.056) –0.516*** (0.191)
SC_Receipt × Pendemic_Period(β3) 0.102* (0.059) 0.337* (0.175) 0.039 (0.062) 0.164 (0.141) 0.458 (0.337) 0.142** (0.067) 0.163** (0.083) 0.156 (0.241)
Alcohol
SC_Receipt(β1) 0.621** (0.269) –0.480** (0.246) 0.401 (0.282) –0.215 (0.230) –0.208 (0.352) 0.034 (0.199) 0.143 (0.196) –0.553 (0.350)
Pendemic_Period(β2) –1.122*** (0.238) –1.064*** (0.207) –0.869*** (0.276) –1.118*** (0.174) –0.806*** (0.305) –1.150*** (0.165) –1.009*** (0.165) –1.302*** (0.310)
SC_Receipt × Pendemic_Period(β3) 0.504 (0.359) 1.593*** (0.321) 0.401 (0.389) 1.466*** (0.284) 1.085** (0.468) 1.118*** (0.259) 0.998*** (0.249) 1.655*** (0.471)
Note 1) ***, **, and * represent significance at the 1%, 5%, 10% levels, respectively (standard errors in parentheses).
2) For the sake of simplicity, the estimated coefficient values of the control variables are omitted from the table.